Heterosexuals’ youngsters had a very aggressively tinged separation
(Regarding the part) pupils out of lesbians / perplexed in their sexual name / sex opportunities / intimate positioning. Wechsler Preschool and Number one Level out of Cleverness or Wechsler Intelligence Level for the kids-Revised, several testing to possess gender-character choices and gender identity, additionally the Bene-Anthony Household members try. (PsycINFO Databases List. Copyright laws © 2002 by the Western Emotional Connection. Most of the rights kepted.)
This exploratory study compared separation-individuation in children of lesbian and heterosexual couples, examining how the presence of a female co-parent, rather than a father, might (1) facilitate or hinder a child’s intrapsychic separation and (2) affect girls and boys differently. Independence, ego functions and object relations, components of separation-individuation, were measured through use of a structured parent interview, a Q-Sort administered to parents and teachers, and a Structured Doll Technique with the child. Subjects were 11 lesbian families and 11 heterosexual families. The children ranged from 2 years 10 months to 5 years in age, with eight boys and three girls in each group. Structured Doll Technique protocols were scored by raters. T tests were performed on Q-Sort items and on Structured Doll Technique scores by family structure group (lesbian vs. heterosexual) and by child’s gender. Major findings were that children of both lesbians and heterosexuals fell within the normal range of the separation-individuation process. Neither group revealed more psychopathology or difficulties in separation-individuation than the other group. Yet findings also demonstrated significantly different experiences of separation and individuation for lesbians’ and heterosexuals’ children. They saw themselves as more aggressive (p < .01), were seen as more bossy and domineering (p < .05), more active in asserting themselves (p < .05), more negativistic (p < .05), more involved in power struggles (p < .05), and less likely to take commands and demands in stride (p < .05). In contrast, lesbians' children had a more lovable self-image (p < .05), expressed more helplessness (p < .01), and were seen as more affectionate and responsive (p < .01), and as more protective toward those younger (p < .05). Data regarding gender differences demonstrated that lesbians' daughters were especially interested in developing relationships (p < .05) and heterosexuals' sons were notably active in asserting themselves (p < .05). It was concluded that the presence of a female co-parent, rather than a father, does not adversely affect the child's progression through the separation-individuation process, but does establish a qualitatively different separation experience. (The dissertation citation and abstract contained here is published with permission of ProQuest Information and Learning. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission.)
Parent interviews have been reviewed qualitatively to have differences between profile off lesbian and you may heterosexual mothers
Sullivan, Yards. (1996). Rozzie and you may Harriet? Intercourse and you can loved ones habits regarding lesbian coparents. Intercourse and you can Community, 10, 747-767. In this article mcdougal examines the ways Okumak için tıklayın in which lesbian coparents divide domestic, childcare, and you can paid off work knowing if, together with studies to which, they adopt egalitarian really works and you may family relations arrangements. Told by the a brief history out of You.S. homosexual liberation and loved ones government, and theoretical and empirical work on the household office from labor by sex, which qualitative analysis off 34 Northern Ca family members implies that equitable practices-a routine out of equivalent sharing-of the lesbian coparents are definitely the standard. Faster apparently, the fresh Rozzie and you may Harriet development out of first breadwinner/top caregiver is offered, appear to when considering variations in parents’ relative earnings and their want to give college students good “sense of relatives.” The experience of that it minority regarding partners shows a division from labor you to imitates progressive heterosexual criterion and highlights the strong negative effectation of economic reliance into the ladies who was complete-day caregivers. (PsycINFO Database Number. Copyright laws © 2002 because of the Western Mental Connection. All rights booked.)